Anesthesia for acute epiglottitis in the pediatric patient.

Upper airway obstruction is not infrequently associated with dire consequences in the pediatric population. Determining the etiology and severity of airway compromise mandates a prompt, careful history and physical assessment of the child. Immediate diagnosis and airway management to combat progressive hypoxemia and administration of appropriate parenteral therapy are essential to decrease morbidity and mortality. Three clinical manifestations with the most potential for acute airway deterioration that would necessitate life-saving intervention are: (1) foreign body aspiration, (2) laryngotracheobronchitis, and (3) epiglottitis. Intense interest and some controversy accompany the proper modalities of treatment for patients with these conditions. The following is a review of the current methods for the management of children who have acute epiglottitis, with special emphasis placed on anesthetic management.